Measured surface energies (γ_s) of Titan haze analogs and the associated experimental setup with some experimental parameters (energy source and gas mixture composition).

†: Note that the actual surface energy of tholin sample measured by surface force apparatus may vary between 50-100 mJ/m²

Laboratory Location (Setup)	Energy Source	Gas Mixture	γstot (mJ/m2)	γsd (mJ/m2)	γsd (mJ/m2)	Measurement Technique	Measurement Environment	Ref.
JHU (PHAZER)	AC Plasma Discharge	N2:CH4 (95:5)	68.1±2.5 73.3±1.3 66†	39.6±1.4 37.3±1.5 N/A	28.5±2.2 36.0±1.5 N/A	Contact angle SFA	air inert inert	Yu et al. (2020) Li et al. (2022) Yu et al. (2020)
	UV Lamp	N2:CH4 (95:5)	66.0±4.7 47.0±2.9	41.1±0.9 31.8±1.8	24.9±4.7 15.2±2.9	Contact angle	air inert	Yu et al. (2020) Li et al. (2022)
NASA ARC 2 (COSmIC)	DC Plasma Discharge	N2:CH4 (95:5) N2:CH4:C2H2 (94.5:5:0.5)	65.8±1.9 53.4±5.2	45.7±2.1 44.4±1.0	20.1±1.8 9.0±5.1	Contact Angle	inert inert	Li et al. (2022)
UNI (PAC)	UV Lamp	N2:CH4 (95:5)	49.7±5.8	33.9±2.9	15.8±5.7	Contact Angle	inert	Li et al. (2022)
Recommended average surface energy, γavg Recommended low-end surface energy, γlow Recommended high-end surface energy, γhigh			59.0 47.0 81.7	37.2 31.8 45.7	21.8 15.2 36.0